QUOTE (Shadesofblue @ Apr 13 2009, 12:21 AM)

I have been drawing and painting for quite some time, But lately I have realised that I constantly need something to copy from, such as a photo or picture. I cant seem to draw from life. Is this cheating ? Many Thanks
No, its not cheating. I note that you are asking about drawing from ref images, rather than drawing from life (and not about drawing from reference rather than drawing from imagination, though I'll touch on that, below)
There
are differences between drawing from ref images and drawing from life. In drawing from a ref-image, it is possible to meticulously copy it, if one wishes to. While this teaches lots of skills, and can lead to spectacularly good results, it can also encourage approaches that don't work so well when trying to draw from life, where it is
not possible in general to exactly copy - because models tend to do inconsiderate things like moving and breathing, where lighting changes, and where even a slight movement of the artist's head can change the shapes and relationships of objects in 3D space, patterns of reflections, and so on. This may lead to frustration and loss of confidence, and also, unfortunately, often to a lot of small-minded moralistic nonsense from others about "cheating" and so on
If you try to approach drawing from life the
same way that one might approach drawing from a photo, its a frustrating exercise - it's necessary to
adapt one's approach.
One issue is the reduction from 3D to 2D - in a photo, this is done for you - in drawing from life, you need to pick a viewpoint, note some landmarks for alignment in space, and be able to return your head to that viewpoint. There has to be an acceptance that things will change - the exact pose of a model, wrinkles in facial expressions, folds in clothing, and so on, and realise that one
can't exactly copy, because the model
can't hold
perfectly still
One useful half-way-house is to go to your local museum and draw statues! - as they hold still, you only have your slight changes of head position to cope with - white marble is also good as it shows the way form is set up by patterns of light and shade, and shapes of shadows.
If you try to
exactly copy, from life, you will end up doing what's called "chasing the pose" - that is, making endless adjustments to your drawing as the model moves, light changes, etc... So, what does drawing from life involve? How
can you do it?
The trick is to realise that its
reconstructive - what I mean by this is, that you have to
build your drawing using the subject to
refer to, rather than exactly copy - for example, you get the general pose down - and then you
stick with that, even if the model moves a little.
You apply what you can see, to what you've already got. If you're looking at the folds in a dress, get down the general shapes. When the model moves and the folds change,
stick with what you had, but use the appearances of the cloth to help you work out what the shading on the folds you had, ought to be.
Its like you are re-synthesising the scene, rather than copying it. The drawing/painting is
based on the model, built up as a self-consistent whole - rather than copied precisely in every detail. It doesn't need to be
exactly correct, it needs to be
self-consistent and
plausible.
Drawing from reference - either from photos,
or from life (
both are good) is essential, as training, in order to
learn to see - to gain keen observational skills, and to learn what things
really look like.
You need to build a repertoire of images in your head
first, before being able to draw from imagination - doing so, prematurely, will simply reinforce misunderstandings and misapprehensions about the appearances of objects, and usually results in weak, formulaic, and inaccurate drawings. The idea that you ought to be able to just draw from imagination, is frankly a silly one - most of us
think we know far more about what stuff looks like, than we really do - and its when we start
trying to draw from imagination that we realise the shortfall in knowledge, that we can't draw, say, a convincing-looking polar bear - so, how do we correct that?
One of the very best ways of studying things carefully
is to look at them
and draw them, as this teaches you to really look at things in an active, attentive way. Drawing from life, in the reconstructive way I've described, will help in developing skills needed to draw from imagination - but good imaginative drawing also relies upon core skills in perspective, anatomy, lighting and so on, which need to be gained from study as well as observational drawing, and effective work is still likely to require pulling together a range of reference resources which can be used to check costumes, architecture, landscapes, and so on. Even the most "creative" people don't do it all out of their head, they look at reference material.
If we think back to the polar bear example - its not a matter of finding
one good photo and then copying it - but of finding
lots of photos, showing all sorts of different aspects of polar bears, overall views and details - watching video-clips - visiting a zoo to see one, if you can - drawing
studies from lots of this material - what its head looks like from the front, from the side; what are its teeth like; what shape are its paws; are its claws visible; and so on... until you understand enough about what it looks like to draw it from any angle and produce an image good enough to convince others. You're
still probably not going to draw it completely out of your head, but instead putting different reference resources together and checking them as you draw.
Creativity is a
result of getting as much of this stuff into your head as you can, to give you an armamentarium of things to work with, to imagine all the ways they could interact, and provide a springboard, to know what stuff looks like. "Talent" is the term used to describe people who have done the relevant work, usually by those who have not and have not yet come to terms with what is required in order to progress, mistakingly thinking that others who have mastered these things somehow "had it easy", as if this knowledge and experience was somehow present spontaneously, rather than being won by dedicated work.
It may sound rather daunting, but its not - it just takes time, and patience
Drawing is a teachable, learnable skill.
So, drawing from photos is
not "cheating", but there are
different ways they may be used both for precise copying of specific detail, and also as general reference, and one should be open to both these and use them together with other visual resources in order to gradually expand one's knowledge and understanding of how things look.
Dave