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Drawing Lessons

Drawspace Free Lessons have been enhancing the drawing skills of aspiring artists for many years! These lessons offer a sampling of the diverse skills and techniques you can learn in Drawspace Professional Lessons and Drawspace Classrooms.

A01   Illustrated Glossary of Drawing Words and Terms
A02   Understanding Talent
A03   Buying Drawing Supplies
A04   Creating Your Own Drawing Space
A05   Making a Portfolio
A06   Good Posture First!
A07   Making and Using a Viewfinder Frame
A08   You're A Natural!
A09   Drawing Curved Lines Naturally
B01   Drawing with Spaces
B02   Shapes of a Duck
B03   Simple Symmetry
B04   Faces and a Vase
B05   Blind Contour Drawing
B06   Seeing Values
B07   Grendel Gremlin
B08   Seeing Shapes in a Photo of a Dog's Head
B09   Drawing Negative Space Surrounding a Chair
B10   Seeing Shapes of a Horse's Head
B11   Seeing Light and Shadow
C01   Self Portrait
C02   Three Families of Lines
C03   Kayla the Koala
C05   Linus the Lion
C06   Bitty
C07   Kira
C08   Wanda
C09   Starr Fish
C10   Allie Alligator
C11   Merbaby
C12   Variations of Bud
D01   Squirkling Values
D02   Graduating Squirkles
D03   The Pupil of Iris
D04   Baby Curly
D05   Sam & Samantha
D06   Spruce Tree
D08   Billy Blob Blended
D10   Squirkling a Bumpy Texture
E01   Basic Perspective for Beginners
E02   Overlapping Silly Faces
E03   Simple Atmospheric Perspective
E04   One Point Perspective
E05   The Magic Ellipse by Cindy Wider
F01   Hatching Value Scales
F02   Hatching Simple Mountains
F03   Playing With Pencils
F04   Graduated Values
F05   Kobrah
F06   Sketching Outdoors
F07   Corny Conehead
F08   Basic Contour Hatching
F09   Graduations with Contour Hatching
F10   Serene Scene
F11   Tulip
F12   Seahorse
F13   Light on a Mug
F14   Medieval Spoon
F15   Wooly Woo Noo
G02   Coming Out of the Dark
G03   Smelly Spheres
G04   Baldy Noears
G05   Getting Started with Shading by Cindy Wider
G06   Creating a Value Scale by Cindy Wider
H01   Horizontal Facial Proportions of Adults
H02   Proportions of a Hand
H04   Drawing Eyelashes
H05   Kim
H06   Sketching from a Manikin
H11   Drawing Lips
H12   Long Straight Hair
H13   Sketching Figures with Lines
H14   Jamie
H15   Baby Cameo
H16   Brandon
H17   Figure drawing basics
I01   Fluppy Puppy
I02   Canine Noses
I03   Eye of a Dog
I04   Spotted Fur
I05   Fuzzy Stripes
I06   Simple Feather
I07   Rocky Rodent
I08   Tuttle Turtle
I09   Kevin Bakon
I10   Jumpin Jack
I11   Siamese Tiger Fish
I12   Dolly the Sheepish Sheep
I13   Cuddles
J01   130 Tips & Helpful Hints
J02   To Blend or Not to Blend
J03   Symmetry Secret
J04   Transferring an Image by Cindy Wider
J05   Focus on Focal Points
J06   How to Use a Value Map
J07   The Process of Working with a Grid by Cindy Wider
J08   How to Draw with Charcoal
K01   Above, On and Below the Horizon Line
K02   Drawing an Ellipse
K03   Drawing a Cylinder with 2-Point Perspective
K04   Two-Point Perspective
K05   Drawing Boxes with Two Point Perspective
L01   Crosshatching Values
L02   Graduations with Crosshatching
L03   Crosshatching a Value Map
M01   Fur on a Form
M02   Feathers on a Wing
M03   Detailed Dog Eye
M04   Kitty
M05   Black Widow
M06   Bill the Cat
M07   Swan
M08   Panda the Shih Tzu
N01   Misha
N02   Tux
N03   Silly Cylinder
N04   Emma Emu
N05   Freaky Froggie
N06   Bill the Corny Rattler
N07   Hairy Harry
N08   Precious
O01   Gentle Giant
O02   Daniel
O03   Kay
P01   Ashley
P02   Claudette
P03   Facial Proportions of Babies
P04   Guidelines for the heights of people
P05   Clio
P06   Eyelashes on an eye
P07   The cousin of...
P08   Adult Noses in Profile
P09   Insights Into an Ear
P10   Getting Under Your Skin – Facial Muscles
P11   Forms of Adult Torsos
P12   Adult Facial Proportions
P13   Mouth of a Baby
P14   Frontal View of Adult Noses
P15   Drawing a Collage
P16   How to Draw Curly Hair
Q01   Dragon Egg
Q02   Grape Smoothie
Q03   Drawing Denim
Q04   Bud the Rose
Q05   Drawing Squirkles Around a Tree
Q06   3D Cylinder by Cindy Wider
R01   Primary and Secondary Colors
R02   Oil Painting Brushes
S01   Sunny Blue
S02   Wooly Blue
S03   Daisy Dodo
S04   Chuck Chic
S05   Flutterby
T01   Rosey
T02   Shadow
T03   Hooter
T04   Dandy
T05   Isaac
T06   Daphnia
T07   A Zebra Named Spot
T08   To Bee or Not to Bee
T09   Katie the "Rottiepitbea"
U01   Annie
U02   Eye on Melissa
U03   Claire
U04   View of an Adult Arm
U05   Leg and Foot
U06   Facial Aging
U07   Female Figure
U08   Manisha
U09   Isha
U10   Joel Allan
U11   Fabric of a Sleeve
U12   Big Smile
V01   Light Beyond the Trees
V02   Photorealism: Very Close Up
V03   Photorealistic Dagger
V04   Teddy Tink
V06   Old Tree
V07   Sunflower
V08   Shiny Leather Boots by Cindy Wider
V10   Little Urn by Cindy Wider
V11   Medieval Arrowhead
W01   Karin
W02   Bill View 2
W03   Evie
W04   Carved In Stone
W05   Robby & Rob
W06   Hallie Kate
W07   Greek Mummy Portrait
W08   Wesley the Maltese
W09   Heidi
X01   Dudley The Dragon
X02   Lord Algernon
X03   Lord Hans
Y01   Golden Rosebud
Y02   Wobby
Y03   Designing a Tattoo of a Grease Monkey
Y04   Values in Colors
Y05   Painting with Acrylics: Part 1
Y06   Painting with Acrylics: Part 2
Y07   Painting With Acrylics: Part 3
Y10   Winged Lightning
Y11   Art Inspired by Music
Y12   Introduction to Pointillism
Z01   Nose Study (Leonardo da Vinci)
Z02   Examining Styles and Techniques
Z03   Examining Lighting & Composition in Masters' Paintings
Z04   Study of an Infant's Nose
Z05   Study of the Head of an Infant
Z06   Hatching with chalk
Z07   Mona Lisa
Z08   Study of Old Man's Face in Profile
Z09   Study of a Girl's Face
Z10   Study of a Flower
Z11   Madison
Z12   Sketch of a Youth
Z13   Study of a Rosebud

Drawspace Professional Lessons are designed for artists and educators, and are logically organized into resources and activities. Upgrade now to access over 150 updated and never-before-published lessons, 4 to 8 new lessons every month, and new e-books by Brenda Hoddinott.

Module 1: Getting Started

1.1Introduction to Drawing

Fundamental information for artists includes articles on choosing supplies, setting up a studio, holding drawing mediums correctly, and becoming more productive by employing helpful techniques and methodologies


» Most files in this topic are included in a paperback book or as a printable PDF

15 Resources

R1 Glossary Of Art Terms (Updated February 2013)
Definitions of art-related terms used in the resources and activities of Drawspace Curriculum (updated February 2012)

Reference #1.1.R1
ISBN #978-1-927365-14-4
Contents16 pages & 1 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 51.2
Grade Level: 10.5

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R2 Travelling Back in Time with Graphite
A few fun tidbits of information about the history of graphite

Reference #1.1.R2
ISBN #978-0-9813662-7-2
Contents4 pages & 5 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 56.5
Grade Level: 9.5

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R3 Examining Graphite and Grades
Understanding the differences between H and B grades of graphite

Reference #1.1.R3
ISBN #978-0-9813662-8-9
Contents3 pages & 4 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 74.9
Grade Level: 6.3

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R4 Seeing Grades in Drawings
Graphite drawings demonstrate the visual qualities of H and B grades of pencils

Reference #1.1.R4
ISBN #978-0-9878229-0-1
Contents4 pages & 7 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 63
Grade Level: 9.8

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R5 Picking out Graphite Pencils
How to select the right graphite pencils for learning how to draw

Reference #1.1.R5
ISBN #978-0-9878229-4-9
Contents4 pages & 6 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 57.4
Grade Level: 8.9

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R6 Sketchbooks and Drawing Papers
Choosing the right size, quality, and weight of drawing paper

Reference #1.1.R6
ISBN #978-0-9878229-1-8
Contents4 pages & 4 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 60.1
Grade Level: 8.9

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R7 Check Up on the Tooth of Papers
How a paper’s tooth affects the appearance of graphite drawings

Reference #1.1.R7
ISBN #978-1-927365-09-0
Contents6 pages & 15 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 58.2
Grade Level: 9.6

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R8 Tools for Sharpening and Erasing
The best sharpeners and erasers for artists who draw

Reference #1.1.R8
ISBN #978-1-927365-10-6
Contents4 pages & 5 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 60.4
Grade Level: 8.8

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R9 Checking Out Charcoal
Discover the versatility of charcoal by examining the marks it makes in various applications

Reference #1.1.R9
ISBN #978-1-927365-68-7
Contents4 pages & 8 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 65.5
Grade Level: 7.9

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R11 Putting Together a Portable Studio
Practical supplies to bring along when you take your love of drawing outside

Reference #1.1.R11
ISBN #978-0-9878229-9-4
Contents2 pages & 2 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 70.9
Grade Level: 6.8

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R12 Good Posture First!
How to sit properly and comfortably when you draw

Reference #1.1.R12
ISBN #978-0-9878229-3-2
Contents2 pages & 2 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 68.1
Grade Level: 8

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R13 Protecting Your Wrist and Hand
How to properly hold drawing mediums to prevent discomfort and injury

Reference #1.1.R13
ISBN #978-0-9878229-5-6
Contents3 pages & 3 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 55.5
Grade Level: 11.4

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R14 Examining Diagonal Lines of Masters
Compare drawings to identify the natural hand movements of Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo

Reference #1.1.R14
ISBN #978-1-927365-12-0
Contents4 pages & 4 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 49.1
Grade Level: 10.6

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R15 How to Rotate Your Paper as you Draw
Improve your drawing skills by rotating your paper to use your natural hand movement

Reference #1.1.R15
ISBN #978-1-927365-01-4
Contents3 pages & 7 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 68.6
Grade Level: 7.1

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R16 How to Transfer an Image to Drawing Paper
A three-step process for transferring the outlines of a drawing or a photograph to a new sheet of drawing paper

Reference #1.1.R16
ISBN #978-1-927365-80-9
Contents6 pages & 4 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 64.6
Grade Level: 8.4

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5 Activities

A1 Make a Storage Portfolio
Make a portfolio folder for the storage of drawing papers and two-dimensional artworks

Reference #1.1.A1
ISBN #978-0-9813662-9-6
Contents5 pages & 8 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 72.2
Grade Level: 6.3

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A2 Play With Five Grades of Graphite
Use the base values of five different grades of pencils to add shading to nine simple line drawings

Reference #1.1.A2
ISBN #978-1-927365-08-3
Contents3 pages & 3 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 66.7
Grade Level: 8

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A3 Sketch a Self-Portrait
Document your current drawing skills by sketching yourself

Reference #1.1.A3
ISBN #978-0-9878229-7-0
Contents1 pages & 1 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 68.4
Grade Level: 7.3

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A4 Play with Kneaded and Vinyl Erasers
Experiment with two different types of erasers as drawing tools

Reference #1.1.A4
ISBN #978-1-927365-66-3
Contents2 pages & 3 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 67.4
Grade Level: 7.9

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A5 Find Your Natural Hand Movements
Discover your natural hand movements for drawing straight and curved lines

Reference #1.1.A5
ISBN #978-1-927365-15-1
Contents3 pages & 5 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 52.2
Grade Level: 10.4

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Module 2: Contour Drawing

2.1Introduction to Contour Drawing

Contour lines serve as the foundation for constructing diverse types of artworks, and are the base on which all drawing styles and techniques are built. Contour drawing abilities are beneficial for whatever future artistic goals students may have.


» Most files in this topic are included in a paperback book or as a printable PDF

13 Resources

R1 Checking Out Contour Lines
An overview of contour lines as preliminary sketches and final drawings in various types of artworks

Reference #2.1.R1
ISBN #978-1-927365-45-8
Contents11 pages & 24 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 54.8
Grade Level: 10.1

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R2 Drawing with Feathered and Continuous Lines
Techniques for rendering two types of lines used in classical and contemporary drawing

Reference #2.1.R2
ISBN #978-1-927365-00-7
Contents5 pages & 9 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 66.2
Grade Level: 7.7

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R3 Practicing Skills within Guidelines
How to set up and use sets of parallel lines to practice seeing and drawing lines and shapes

Reference #2.1.R3
ISBN #978-1-927365-47-2
Contents5 pages & 9 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 60
Grade Level: 8.4

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R4 Identifying Straight Lines
Find and examine straight and angle lines in drawings and in your surroundings

Reference #2.1.R4
ISBN #978-1-927365-02-1
Contents7 pages & 16 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 63.9
Grade Level: 8.3

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R5 Contouring From Traditional to Digital
A peek into the graphic designers’ world of turning traditional contour sketches on paper into professional digital artworks

Reference #2.1.R5
ISBN #978-1-927365-46-5
Contents6 pages & 18 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 44.8
Grade Level: 11.1

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R6 Identifying Curved Lines
Find and examine single and compound curved lines in drawings and in your surroundings

Reference #2.1.R6
ISBN #978-1-927365-48-9
Contents6 pages & 13 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 71.1
Grade Level: 7.6

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R7 Sizing Up the Proportions of a Shape
Advance your abilities to see as an artist by visually analyzing a straight-sided shape to uncover clues for drawing it accurately without a ruler

Reference #2.1.R7
ISBN #978-1-927365-51-9
Contents4 pages & 8 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 67
Grade Level: 7.6

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R8 How to Render Contour Drawings
The process of using feathered and continuous lines to draw diverse shapes to create contour drawings

Reference #2.1.R8
ISBN #978-1-927365-83-0
Contents5 pages & 11 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 63.4
Grade Level: 8.1

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R9 Sizing Up a Drawing Subject
Advance your abilities to see as an artist by visually analyzing a drawing subject and uncovering 18 clues for drawing it accurately

Reference #2.1.R9
ISBN #978-1-927539-05-7
Contents6 pages & 14 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 60
Grade Level: 9.2

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R10 Capturing Your World in a Sketchbook
Employing the language of sketching to improve your drawing skills and document your formative years of artistic development

Reference #2.1.R10
ISBN #978-1-927539-06-4
Contents12 pages & 10 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 58.6
Grade Level: 8.8

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R11 How to Sketch Figures from Life
A heavily illustrated discussion on diverse aspects of rendering contour drawings of clothed and unclothed people (caution: nudity)

Reference #2.1.R11
ISBN #978-1-927539-08-8
Contents12 pages & 15 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 57.2
Grade Level: 9.1

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R12 How to Draw a Human Hand
Examine the proportional structures of hands, as well as guidelines that can be used to draw a well-proportioned frontal view of a hand

Reference #2.1.R12
ISBN #978-1-927365-98-4
Contents6 pages & 13 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 61.8
Grade Level: 9

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R13 How to Contour Long and Short Fur
Insights into the techniques artists use for outlining realistic short and long fur when drawing animals

Reference #2.1.R13
ISBN #978-1-927365-95-3
Contents4 pages & 8 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 68.2
Grade Level: 7.9

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29 Activities

A1 Draw from One Point to Another
Use your natural hand movement to draw sets of continuous straight lines

Reference #2.1.A1
ISBN #978-1-927365-03-8
Contents2 pages & 1 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 71.5
Grade Level: 5.9

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A2 Draw Lines that Meet at an Angle
Use your natural hand movement to draw continuous angle lines

Reference #2.1.A2
ISBN #978-1-927365-04-5
Contents2 pages & 1 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 72.9
Grade Level: 5.4

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A3 Draw Horizontal and Vertical Lines
Accurately copy horizontal and vertical lines within guidelines by using continuous lines and your natural hand movement

Reference #2.1.A3
ISBN #978-1-927365-05-2
Contents2 pages & 1 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 63.9
Grade Level: 7.7

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A4 Draw Diagonal Lines
Accurately copy diagonal lines within guidelines by using continuous lines and your natural hand movement

Reference #2.1.A4
ISBN #978-1-927365-07-6
Contents2 pages & 1 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 69.9
Grade Level: 7.2

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A5 Blind Contour Drawing
Enhance your observation skills by drawing objects without looking at your paper

Reference #2.1.A5
ISBN #978-1-927365-13-7
Contents3 pages & 2 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 70.3
Grade Level: 7.1

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A6 Draw Simple and Compound Curved Lines
Use continuous lines to practice drawing curved and compound curved lines, spiral lines, and sets of curved lines

Reference #2.1.A6
ISBN #978-1-927365-49-6
Contents2 pages & 1 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 79.2
Grade Level: 4.7

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A7 Draw Shapes with a Long Curved Line
Have fun drawing one very long, compound curved line and identifying some shapes created by the line

Reference #2.1.A7
ISBN #978-1-927365-50-2
Contents2 pages & 2 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 78.8
Grade Level: 5.2

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A8 Draw Lines Inside Squares
Three worksheets are designed help you improve your skills with drawing lines, and identifying and rendering accurate proportions

Reference #2.1.A8
ISBN #978-1-927365-84-7
Contents5 pages & 4 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 74.9
Grade Level: 5.7

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A9 Draw Shapes Inside Squares
Strengthen your skills for rendering accurate proportions by completing four worksheets in which you draw diverse lines and shapes inside squares

Reference #2.1.A9
ISBN #978-1-927365-85-4
Contents6 pages & 5 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 73.6
Grade Level: 6.4

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A11 Draw Shapes with Perpendicular Lines
Use guidelines to practice drawing the accurately proportioned shapes of letters by visually comparing vertical and horizontal distances

Reference #2.1.A11
ISBN #978-1-927365-52-6
Contents2 pages & 1 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 57.3
Grade Level: 8.6

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A12 Draw a Circle Freehand
Use your natural hand movement and rotate your paper to outline a circle inside a square

Reference #2.1.A12
ISBN #978-1-927365-81-6
Contents4 pages & 12 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 66.4
Grade Level: 7.7

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A13 Shape Up Straight Lines
Use guidelines to help you accurately sketch the proportions of straight-sided shapes and objects and then neatly outline their contours with continuous lines

Reference #2.1.A13
ISBN #978-1-927365-86-1
Contents4 pages & 6 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 61.8
Grade Level: 8.8

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A14 Create Six Contour Drawings
Use a simple step-by-step process and curved feathered and continuous lines to accurately render six different contour drawings

Reference #2.1.A14
ISBN #978-1-927365-87-8
Contents7 pages & 6 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 69.9
Grade Level: 6.3

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A15 Draw a Caveperson
Use the same proportions as in the reference images to draw a human figure that looks like a prehistoric cave drawing

Reference #2.1.A15
ISBN #978-1-927365-82-3
Contents3 pages & 7 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 77.2
Grade Level: 5.9

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A16 Line Up Shapes and Lines
Use guidelines to accurately render thirteen mini-projects with vertical, horizontal, and diagonal lines, straight-sided shapes, and sets of straight hatching lines

Reference #2.1.A16
ISBN #978-1-927365-92-2
Contents4 pages & 3 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 59.3
Grade Level: 8.2

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A17 Draw Keiko, a Manga Baby
Sketch accurate proportions and then use a 4B pencil, fine tip marker, or a computer software program (such as Photoshop) to outline a cartoon baby

Reference #2.1.A17
ISBN #978-1-927365-88-5
Contents10 pages & 19 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 64.3
Grade Level: 8.4

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A18 Draw Kasumi, a Manga Girl
Sketch a cartoon girl’s face based on proportional guidelines used to draw a human child and then create a final contour drawing with one of three mediums

Reference #2.1.A18
ISBN #978-1-927365-90-8
Contents11 pages & 27 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 66.9
Grade Level: 7.8

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A19 Draw Kensuke, a Manga Boy
Set up intricate proportional guidelines to draw a male manga character named Kensuke and then add shading with hatching lines

Reference #2.1.A19
ISBN #978-1-927365-91-5
Contents10 pages & 20 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 71.1
Grade Level: 7.3

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A20 Sketch a Simple Scene
Sketch diverse shapes in a landscape, such as hills, a lake, and trees, by first rendering proportions and then outlining additional details

Reference #2.1.A20
ISBN #978-1-927365-96-0
Contents6 pages & 20 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 71.6
Grade Level: 7.7

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A21 Sketch a Still Life Object
Use the process of sketching proportions, outlining contours, and then adding shading to draw an object from life and/or to draw a mug by following along with step-by-step illustrated instructions

Reference #2.1.A21
ISBN #978-1-927365-97-7
Contents6 pages & 16 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 71.8
Grade Level: 6.9

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A22 Use a Manikin to Sketch a Figure
Create a contour sketch of a human figure using a wooden manikin as a model to establish proportions (caution: partial nudity)

Reference #2.1.A22
ISBN #978-1-927539-02-6
Contents10 pages & 20 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 65.6
Grade Level: 7.5

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A23 Draw Your Hand Proportionately Correct
Use guidelines and illustrated instructions to render an accurately proportioned drawing of your own hand

Reference #2.1.A23
ISBN #978-1-927539-03-3
Contents4 pages & 11 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 64.6
Grade Level: 8.7

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A24 Sketch Figures from Life
Try your hand at sketching clothed and unclothed people from life—from setting up to completing detailed sketches

Reference #2.1.A24
ISBN #978-1-927539-09-5
Contents4 pages & 1 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 71
Grade Level: 6.7

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A25 Draw a Cartoon Merbaby
This heavily illustrated activity challenges you to rely primarily on your visual skills as you create a detailed contour drawing of a baby mermaid

Reference #2.1.A25
ISBN #978-1-927365-94-6
Contents10 pages & 30 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 65.7
Grade Level: 7.6

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A26 Draw a Cartoon Alligator
Sketch the proportions of an alligator with pencils and draw the final outlines with your choice of a pencil, a black marker, or computer software

Reference #2.1.A26
ISBN #978-1-927539-04-0
Contents8 pages & 27 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 64.2
Grade Level: 8

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A27 Outline Fur Around Contours
Sketch twelve curved lines and use them as guides to render six long and six short furry outlines that follow their contours

Reference #2.1.A27
ISBN #978-1-927539-00-2
Contents6 pages & 5 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 80.9
Grade Level: 5.1

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A28 Contour Kayla Koala Notabear
Combine four different contour drawing techniques to render a cartoon drawing of a marsupial with shiny eyes, a furry face, and fluffy ears

Reference #2.1.A28
ISBN #978-1-927365-93-9
Contents11 pages & 24 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 70.7
Grade Level: 7.2

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A29 Contour Furry Fluppy Puppy
Sketch the proportions of a cartoon puppy with a line of symmetry and then develop and use a shading map to add values with hatching lines

Reference #2.1.A29
ISBN #978-1-927539-01-9
Contents10 pages & 18 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 68.7
Grade Level: 7.9

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A30 Draw Spot the Frog
Sketch the proportions of a cartoon frog with a line of symmetry and then outline the contours of his body and spots

Reference #2.1.A30
ISBN #978-1-927539-07-1
Contents10 pages & 21 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 72.3
Grade Level: 6.6

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2.2Drawing on Your Brain

Exercise your brain while learning how to draw! Insightful resources and activities to enhance visual intelligence and strengthen whole-brain functions.

15 Resources

R1 Exploring the Space Between Your Ears (Revised January 2013)
An introduction to the physical components of the skull and brain

Reference #2.2.R1
ISBN #978-1-927539-17-0
Contents6 pages & 9 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 52.5
Grade Level: 10.6

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R2 Drawing on Both Sides of Your Brain
An introduction to how your brain works with a focus on hemispheric functionality and creativity

Reference #2.2.R2
ISBN #978-1-927539-37-8
Contents10 pages & 11 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 36.1
Grade Level: 13.7

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R3 Enhancing Your Visual Intelligence
Insights into how your vision and brain work together and suggestions for strengthening your visual intelligence

Reference #2.2.R3
ISBN #978-1-927539-41-5
Contents6 pages & 9 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 44
Grade Level: 11.5

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R4 Horizontal and Vertical Comparisons
The art of horizontal and vertical comparisons enables you to find clues for accurately rendering a broad range of drawing subjects

Reference #2.2.R4
ISBN #978-1-927539-46-0
Contents12 pages & 33 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 54.6
Grade Level: 10.4

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R5 Checking Out Drawing Spaces
Examining various critters inside different drawing spaces provides you with insights into choosing the right drawing space for your own drawing subjects

Reference #2.2.R5
ISBN #978-1-927365-34-2
Contents4 pages & 9 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 62.5
Grade Level: 8.6

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R6 How to Outline Drawing Spaces
The art of using your analytical brain functions to set up drawing spaces that help you render accurate proportions

Reference #2.2.R6
ISBN #978-1-927365-35-9
Contents6 pages & 10 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 69.3
Grade Level: 8.5

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R7 Plotting and Dotting in a Drawing Space
The process of accurately rendering a subject within a drawing space using vertical and horizontal comparisons

Reference #2.2.R7
ISBN #978-1-927539-15-6
Contents8 pages & 17 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 65.1
Grade Level: 8.6

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R8 Identifying Shapes in Subjects
The process of visually breaking down complex subjects into simple shapes for sketching

Reference #2.2.R8
ISBN #978-1-927539-18-7
Contents8 pages & 29 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 62.9
Grade Level: 8.8

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R9 Exploring Positive and Negative Spaces
A basic understanding of the process of identifying positive and negative spaces to help you draw accurately

Reference #2.2.R9
ISBN #978-1-927539-20-0
Contents6 pages & 19 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 67.8
Grade Level: 7.6

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R10 OK – What's With the Pencil?
The answer to the age-old question: why artists hold up pencils in front of what they're drawing

Reference #2.2.R10
ISBN #978-1-927539-50-7
Contents6 pages & 10 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 59
Grade Level: 9.8

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R11 Translating a Scene into Spaces
How to break down the foreground, middle ground, and background of a landscape into positive and negative spaces

Reference #2.2.R11
ISBN #978-1-927539-13-2
Contents4 pages & 8 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 64.6
Grade Level: 8.4

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R12 Gridding to Sketch Proportions
Investigating the history of grids and discovering how different types of grids help create proportionately correct drawings

Reference #2.2.R12
ISBN #978-1-927539-22-4
Contents8 pages & 11 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 62.5
Grade Level: 8.6

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R13 Setting Up to Draw with a Grid
How to plan a drawing based on a print image, render a grid on the image, and then outline a corresponding grid on drawing paper

Reference #2.2.R13
ISBN #978-1-927539-34-7
Contents10 pages & 21 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 62.8
Grade Level: 8.4

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R15 Drawing on Your Memory
Techniques for seeing and remembering potential subjects so you can translate your memories into drawings

Reference #2.2.R15
ISBN #978-1-927539-43-9
Contents6 pages & 8 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 46.5
Grade Level: 11

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R16 Turning Plotted Dots Into a Drawing
How to render a proportionately accurate contour drawing by referring to points of reference on an image

Reference #2.2.R16
ISBN #978-1-927539-55-2
Contents4 pages & 10 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 58.1
Grade Level: 8.8

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28 Activities

A1 Turn a Doodle into Contour Drawings
Enhance your visual intelligence by examining a randomly rendered doodle to identify shapes that resemble objects or living beings, and then transform each into a contour drawing

Reference #2.2.A1
ISBN #978-1-927365-22-9
Contents4 pages & 10 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 75.2
Grade Level: 6.3

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A2 Draw with Simple Symmetry
Draw symmetrical curved and straight lines on each side of a line of symmetry

Reference #2.2.A2
ISBN #978-1-927365-18-2
Contents4 pages & 12 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 64.1
Grade Level: 8.2

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A3 Ready! Set! Go Draw! (Worksheets)
Enhance your ability to see as an artist by accurately rendering diverse lines and shapes inside squares

Reference #2.2.A3
ISBN #978-1-927539-36-1
Contents4 pages & 3 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 59
Grade Level: 9.3

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A4 Draw Two Faces and a Vase
Follow along with step-by-step illustrated instructions to create an optical illusion

Reference #2.2.A4
ISBN #978-1-927365-21-2
Contents4 pages & 8 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 66.9
Grade Level: 7.8

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A5 Outline a Duck by Identifying Visual Clues
Draw a proportionately accurate duck-shaped candle by examining shapes and visually measuring spaces

Reference #2.2.A5
ISBN #978-1-927539-40-8
Contents6 pages & 16 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 63
Grade Level: 7.9

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A6 Draw with Simple Symmetry (Worksheets)
Enhance your visual intelligence by drawing the second half of 36 symmetrical designs in the rectangles provided

Reference #2.2.A6
ISBN #978-1-927539-38-5
Contents4 pages & 3 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 52.7
Grade Level: 9.3

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A7 Draw with Lines, Spaces, and Shapes (Worksheets)
Strengthen your visual intelligence by comparing all parts of each subject to one another to render accurately proportioned designs

Reference #2.2.A7
ISBN #978-1-927539-26-2
Contents6 pages & 5 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 56.7
Grade Level: 8.5

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A8 Contour Cuddles the Cow
Examine step-by-step illustrations to help you render a contour drawing of a cartoon cow using pencils, markers, or computer software

Reference #2.2.A8
ISBN #978-1-927539-25-5
Contents8 pages & 11 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 51.9
Grade Level: 9.9

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A9 Draw Linus Upside Down
Use a line of symmetry to render a proportionately correct sketch of a cartoon

Reference #2.2.A4
ISBN #978-1-927539-11-8
Contents6 pages & 12 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 71.2
Grade Level: 7

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A10 Draw Grendel Gremlin Sideways
Use a horizontal line of symmetry with the cartoon subject turned sideways to render an in-proportion contour drawing

Reference #2.2.A10
ISBN #978-1-927539-12-5
Contents6 pages & 17 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 66.7
Grade Level: 7.3

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A11 Draw the Negative Space of Chairs
Create two negative space drawings of chairs: one from a photo reference and the other from life

Reference #2.2.A11
ISBN #978-1-927539-14-9
Contents4 pages & 4 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 73.6
Grade Level: 6.5

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A12 Contour Negative Spaces
Accurately outline ten shapes by referring to their negative space and use your artistic license to turn each shape into a drawing from your imagination

Reference #2.2.A12
ISBN #978-1-927539-35-4
Contents6 pages & 14 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 40.9
Grade Level: 12.1

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A13 Plot, Dot, and Draw a Manikin
Use plot-and-dot points of reference marked on a photo to render a proportionately accurate contour drawing of a manikin

Reference #2.2.A13
ISBN #978-1-927539-56-9
Contents8 pages & 17 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 55.7
Grade Level: 8.8

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A14 Contour a Human Skull
Exercise your visual skills by creating a realistic contour drawing of a profile view of a human skull

Reference #2.2.A14
ISBN #978-1-927539-23-1
Contents8 pages & 13 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 57.4
Grade Level: 8.8

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A15 Contour a Human Brain
Enhance your visual intelligence by mostly examining step-by-step drawings to outline a realistic human brain

Reference #2.2.A15
ISBN #978-1-927539-24-8
Contents8 pages & 16 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 53.4
Grade Level: 9.1

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A16 Project 1: Frontal View of a Horse’s Head
Draw a horse by sketching accurate proportions, creating a contour drawing, and adding shading with hatching

Reference #2.2.A16
ISBN #978-1-927539-21-7
Contents6 pages & 14 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 67.2
Grade Level: 7.7

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A17 Project 2: Goldie the Goldfish
Outline a drawing space, add a grid, sketch accurate proportions, and create a delicate contour drawing of a goldfish

Reference #2.2.A17
ISBN #978-1-927539-19-4
Contents10 pages & 22 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 66.5
Grade Level: 7.4

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A18 Draw Still Life from Memory
Sketch a familiar object without looking at it, then use a memory-enhancement technique to recall its details, and re-draw it from memory

Reference #2.2.18
ISBN #978-1-927539-44-6
Contents2 pages & 1 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 55
Grade Level: 10.1

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A19 Project 4: Rhino in Pajamas
Identify the value and thickness of diverse lines as you accurately duplicate the broad range of lineweights required to render a drawing based on a work by Albrecht Dürer

Reference #2.2.A19
ISBN #978-1-927539-27-9
Contents12 pages & 22 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 61.3
Grade Level: 8.2

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A20 Project 5: Lilly the Lovely Lily
Enhance your ability to identify and render values while creating a high contrast drawing of a white lily on a dark background

Reference #2.2.A20
ISBN #978-1-927539-28-6
Contents10 pages & 20 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 63.9
Grade Level: 8.4

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A21 Crisscrossing a Surreal Scene
Outline a background, middle ground, and foreground; then use a crosshatching technique to add patterned shading

Reference #2.2.A21
ISBN #978-1-927539-46-0
Contents8 pages & 15 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 71.3
Grade Level: 6.7

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A22 Plot, Dot, and Draw Inside Squares
Five worksheets: visually plot the locations of the outlines of designs, mark each point of reference with a dot, and use the dots to accurately render each design

Reference #2.2.A22
ISBN #978-1-927539-48-4
Contents6 pages & 8 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 55.3
Grade Level: 10

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A23 Turn Shapes Into People
Outline four symmetrical circular shapes and use your imagination to turn each one into a human face

Reference #2.2.A23
ISBN #978-1-927539-39-2
Contents2 pages & 2 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 67.5
Grade Level: 6.6

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A24 Overlapping Parts of Cuddles
Create the illusion of depth by using a grid to accurately outline the various overlapping sections of a cartoon snake

Reference #2.2.A24
ISBN #978-1-927539-42-2
Contents8 pages & 18 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 66.4
Grade Level: 7.3

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A25 Triumphant Old Tree
Render an old weathered tree by identifying and outlining overlapping shapes and adding shading according to a light source

Reference #2.2.A25
ISBN #978-1-927539-47-7
Contents14 pages & 30 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 52.9
Grade Level: 10.3

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A26 Crisscross Patterned Shading
Use your visual and mental abilities to plan and render sets of parallel hatching lines to create patterned shading

Reference #2.2.A26
ISBN #978-1-927539-45-3
Contents6 pages & 11 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 61.5
Grade Level: 8.2

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A28 Outline a Simple Subject in a Square
Enhance your understanding of the process of plotting and dotting the locations of lines by drawing a design in a square drawing space

Reference #2.2.A28
ISBN #978-1-927539-51-4
Contents6 pages & 17 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 66.1
Grade Level: 7.7

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A29 Calibrate Your Visual Perception
Find out how well you visually measure distances, and explore methods to compensate for any recurring inaccuracies

Reference #2.2.A29
ISBN #978-1-927539-53-8
Contents4 pages & 4 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 54.5
Grade Level: 9.8

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Module 3: Shading Techniques

3.1Introduction to Shading

During the process of writing Book 4: Introduction to Shading, this module will have lots of new files added and others will be updated and/or relocated to another topic within this module. Please forgive the temporary inconvenience.

7 Resources

R1 Identifying Light and Shadow on Forms
Examine four basic components of light and shadow that help create the illusion of three-dimensional forms on a flat sheet of drawing paper

Reference #3.1.R1
ISBN #978-1-927365-75-5
Contents8 pages & 18 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 65.5
Grade Level: 8.6

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New R2 Identifying Primary Light Sources
Examine values on drawing subjects to find clues that identify the directionality of the dominant light source

Reference #3.1.R2
ISBN #978-1-927539-65-1
Contents6 pages & 8 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 56.3
Grade Level: 10.4

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R3 How to Use a Value Map
A four-step process to help you plan an appropriate method for adding shading to a drawing

Reference #3.1.R3
ISBN #978-1-927539-59-0
Contents4 pages & 10 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 61.8
Grade Level: 8.8

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New R4 Checking Out Squirkles in Drawings
A richly-illustrated discussion demonstrates the diversity of squirkling for a broad range of different drawing subjects

Reference #3.1.R4
ISBN #978-1-927365-19-9
Contents4 pages & 12 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 60.9
Grade Level: 8.7

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New R5 Exploring Squirkled Value Scales
Popular techniques for rendering a range of different values with squirkles

Reference #3.1.R5
ISBN #978-1-927365-11-3
Contents4 pages & 7 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 66
Grade Level: 8.4

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R6 How to Squirkle Graduations
Examine various types of graduations and discover the process for squirkling smoothly flowing graduations

Reference #3.1.R6
ISBN #978-1-927365-17-5
Contents4 pages & 11 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 59.5
Grade Level: 9.1

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R11 To Blend or Not to Blend
Tips and techniques for using blending tools to successfully blend shading graduations

Reference #3.1.R11
ISBN #978-1-927539-60-6
Contents4 pages & 11 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 60.3
Grade Level: 8.6

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18 Activities

A1 Shade Simple Value Scales
Prepare five grades of pencils and then use them to shade two value scales: from light to dark and from dark to light

Reference #3.1.A1
ISBN #978-1-927539-57-6
Contents6 pages & 15 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 62.3
Grade Level: 8.5

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A2 Shade an Optical Illusion
Outline straight sided shapes and add shading with four grades of pencils

Reference #3.1.A2
ISBN #978-1-927539-54-5
Contents4 pages & 12 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 64.6
Grade Level: 7.2

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A3 Shade Graduations of Values
Use pencil pressure and 2H, HB, 2B, 4B, and 6B grades of pencil to create seven different graduations

Reference #3.1.A3
ISBN #978-1-927539-58-3
Contents4 pages & 16 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 71.8
Grade Level: 6.8

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A4 Use Shading to Create Forms
Use value maps and graduated shading to turn a circle, cube, and rectangle into realistic three-dimensional forms

Reference #3.1.A4
ISBN #978-1-927539-64-4
Contents6 pages & 10 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 67.6
Grade Level: 6.8

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A5 Squirkle Value Scales
Render six different value scales with squirkling by using line density, pencil grades, and pressure

Reference #3.1.A5
ISBN #978-1-927365-16-8
Contents4 pages & 7 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 67.4
Grade Level: 8.2

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A6 Squirkle Graduations of Values
Use line density, pencil pressure, and different grades of pencils to squirkle smoothly flowing graduations

Reference #3.1.A6
ISBN #978-1-927365-24-3
Contents2 pages & 4 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 63.6
Grade Level: 8.3

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A7 Squirkle Striped Graduations
Create a striped pattern and a bumpy texture with gently curving graduations

Reference #3.1.A7
ISBN #978-1-927365-25-0
Contents2 pages & 6 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 65.3
Grade Level: 8

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A8 Graduate Blobs and Globs
Design an arrangement of five overlapping shapes and use squirkling graduations and different grades of pencils to make the shapes appear three-dimensional

Reference #3.1.A8
ISBN #978-1-927365-62-5
Contents4 pages & 9 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 72.2
Grade Level: 6.3

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A9 Squirkle an Iris and a Pupil
Sketch the shapes of an iris, highlight, and pupil, and add shading with graduations of squirkles

Reference #3.1.A9
ISBN #978-1-927365-53-3
Contents4 pages & 10 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 67.2
Grade Level: 7.2

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A10 Hatch Value Scales with Five Grades
Use hatching and five grades of pencils to render value scales that appear to be solid tones

Reference #3.1.A10
ISBN #978-1-927365-28-1
Contents2 pages & 3 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 72.1
Grade Level: 7.4

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A11 Mountains in the Style of Impressionism
Draw an impressionistic range of mountains shaded with the natural values of five different grades of pencils

Reference #3.1.A11
ISBN #978-1-927365-30-4
Contents8 pages & 15 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 70
Grade Level: 7.1

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A12 Use Line Density to Hatch Value Scales
Render five different value scales of seven values each by varying the density of the hatching lines and using different grades of pencils

Reference #3.1.A12
ISBN #978-1-927365-29-8
Contents2 pages & 3 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 71.5
Grade Level: 7.2

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A13 Hatch an Abstract Design
Design an abstract composition and add shading with five different grades of pencils by varying line density

Reference #3.1.A13
ISBN #978-1-927365-31-1
Contents4 pages & 3 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 69.7
Grade Level: 7.1

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A14 Hatch Value Scales with Pencil Pressure
Render ten value scales of five solid tones by varying the pressure used with single grades of pencils

Reference #3.1.A14
ISBN #978-1-927365-55-7
Contents2 pages & 2 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 65.3
Grade Level: 8.1

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A23 Shade an Apple with Contour Hatching
Render a realistic drawing of a shiny Macintosh apple by using blending to smooth out contour hatching graduations

Reference #3.1.A23
ISBN #978-1-927539-52-1
Contents6 pages & 19 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 56.1
Grade Level: 9.6

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A24 White Egg on a White Surface
Use squirkling graduations to define the form of a high key subject and hatching to render its cast shadow

Reference #3.1.A24
ISBN #978-1-927539-62-0
Contents4 pages & 13 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 69.1
Grade Level: 7.1

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A25 Contour a Child's Straight Hair
Draw a realistically proportioned young child with straight hair that curves around the contours of his head

Reference #3.1.A25
ISBN #978-1-927539-63-7
Contents6 pages & 12 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 69
Grade Level: 6.6

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A27 Realistic Petals on a Flower
Use a chisel point on nine grades of pencils to render a detailed drawing of a flower with a focus on shading light and shadow

Reference #3.1.A27
ISBN #978-1-927539-61-3
Contents8 pages & 19 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 66.5
Grade Level: 7.6

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3.2Hatching

Hatching is a very popular and highly versatile technique that works equally well to represent values in loosely rendered sketches or create highly detailed shading in complex drawings.

9 Resources

R1 Examining Hatching in Drawings
Drawings demonstrate a few of the many shading abilities of a basic hatching technique made up of parallel straight lines

Reference #3.3.R1
ISBN #978-1-927365-23-6
Contents6 pages & 16 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 54.7
Grade Level: 10.3

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R2 How to Hatch Value Scales
Examine different styles of value scales created with hatching and find out how each is rendered.

Reference #3.3.R2
ISBN #978-1-927365-27-4
Contents4 pages & 6 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 66.4
Grade Level: 8.2

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R3 Exploring Hatching Graduations
An illustrated discussion about various types of hatching graduations that are rendered with straight lines

Reference #3.3.R3
ISBN #978-1-927365-54-0
Contents4 pages & 14 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 52.5
Grade Level: 10.6

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R4 How to Hatch Graduations with One Grade
Examine the process of rendering three types of graduations by using one grade of pencil and side-by-side, straight hatching lines

Reference #3.3.R4
ISBN #978-1-927365-56-4
Contents3 pages & 7 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 54.3
Grade Level: 10.6

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R5 How to Hatch a Graduation with Five Grades
Discover the process of rendering a single graduation with five grades of pencils and straight hatching lines

Reference #3.3.R5
ISBN #978-1-927365-63-2
Contents3 pages & 5 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 62.4
Grade Level: 8.4

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R6 How to Hatch Vertical Lines of Different Lengths
The simple step-by-step process of rendering random lengthways hatching lines

Reference #3.3.R6
ISBN #978-1-927365-67-0
Contents3 pages & 12 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 58.2
Grade Level: 8.9

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R7 How to Hatch Lengthways Graduations
Examine the process of rendering a graduation by using lengthways hatching lines and four grades of pencils

Reference #3.3.R7
ISBN #978-1-927365-59-5
Contents5 pages & 9 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 64.8
Grade Level: 8.6

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R8 Checking Out Contour Hatching
Examine graduations and drawings to see how curved hatching lines help create highly realistic three-dimensional forms

Reference #3.3.R8
ISBN #978-1-927365-72-4
Contents6 pages & 14 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 65
Grade Level: 8.4

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R9 Render Contour Hatching Naturally
How to find and use your most natural drawing motions for shading with contour hatching

Reference #3.3.R9
ISBN #978-1-927365-77-9
Contents2 pages & 1 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 60.8
Grade Level: 9.7

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14 Activities

A6 Hatch a Scale of Seven Values
Scale seven different solid-tone values by varying the pressure applied with a combination of five grades of pencils

Reference #3.3.A6
ISBN #978-1-927365-57-1
Contents3 pages & 2 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 69.8
Grade Level: 7.1

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A7 Hatch Three Types of Graduations with One Grade
Create three different graduations by using one grade of pencil and side-by-side, straight hatching lines

Reference #3.3.A7
ISBN #978-1-927365-58-8
Contents3 pages & 3 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 65.8
Grade Level: 8.2

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A8 Use Five Grades to Hatch Five Graduations
Use pencil pressure to create a graduation of values with a 2H, HB, 2B, 4B and 6B grade of pencil and side-by-side, straight hatching lines

Reference #3.3.A8
ISBN #978-1-927365-64-9
Contents3 pages & 6 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 67.3
Grade Level: 8

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A9 Hatch a Single Graduation with Five Grades
Render a single graduation with a combination of five grades of pencils and straight hatching lines

Reference #3.3.A9
ISBN #978-1-927365-65-6
Contents3 pages & 4 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 62.5
Grade Level: 8.7

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A10 Hatch Vertical Lines of Random Lengths
Create two sets of randomly placed hatching lines of different lengths, one with long lines and the other with short lines

Reference #3.3.A10
ISBN #978-1-927365-69-4
Contents2 pages & 6 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 66.8
Grade Level: 7

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A11 Hatch Two Types of Lengthways Graduations
Render a graduation with long lines and another with short lines by using lengthways hatching lines and at least four grades of pencils

Reference #3.3.A11
ISBN #978-1-927365-70-0
Contents3 pages & 6 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 64.9
Grade Level: 8.6

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A12 Sketch a Scene with Hatching Graduations
Use graduated hatching, atmospheric perspective, and a shading map to draw a tranquil scene with a palm tree, an island, and calm water

Reference #3.3.A12
ISBN #978-1-927365-60-1
Contents8 pages & 16 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 63
Grade Level: 8.7

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A13 Shade Furry Graduations on a Cartoon
Outline and add shading to a cartoon face and then add shading to its fur with lengthways graduations

Reference #3.3.A13
ISBN #978-1-927365-74-8
Contents6 pages & 9 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 71
Grade Level: 7.5

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A14 Draw Light and Shadow on a Mug
Outline the contours of a mug and use hatching and crosshatching to add shading according to a light source from the upper left

Reference #3.3.A14
ISBN #978-1-927539-32-3
Contents6 pages & 13 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 74.6
Grade Level: 5.3

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A15 Shade a Simple Form with Contour Hatching
Use contour hatching graduations to depict the illusion of depth by transforming a circular shape into a three-dimensional form

Reference #3.3.A15
ISBN #978-1-927365-76-2
Contents4 pages & 7 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 72.2
Grade Level: 6.5

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A16 Graduate Curved Hatching Lines Lengthways
Use curved hatching lines to smoothly render a graduation that depicts the illusion of form on a segment of a sphere

Reference #3.3.A16
ISBN #978-1-927539-16-3
Contents6 pages & 13 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 60.5
Grade Level: 8.9

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A17 Shade a Spotted Furry Texture
Use hatching lines to draw both the texture and pattern of realistic spotted fur with a light source shining from the left

Reference #3.3.A17
ISBN #978-1-927539-29-3
Contents6 pages & 16 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 66.1
Grade Level: 7.9

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A19 Shade a Tulip with Contour Hatching
Outline and then use contour hatching graduations to add shading to a tulip and a section of its stem and leaf based on a light source

Reference #3.3.A19
ISBN #978-1-927365-79-3
Contents9 pages & 22 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 68
Grade Level: 7.4

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A20 Cameo View of Baby Grace
Draw a realistic facial profile of a baby by first outlining accurate proportions and then shading textures and forms with hatching

Reference #3.3.A20
ISBN #978-1-927539-31-6
Contents6 pages & 10 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 70.6
Grade Level: 6.4

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Module 4: Composition and Perspective

4.1Composing Two-Dimensional Artworks

The rules and guidelines that make up the various elements of composition enable artists to expressively and aesthetically arrange their subjects within the boundaries of a drawing space.

1 Resources

R1 How to Use a Viewfinder Frame
The process of using a viewfinder frame to choose a composition when working from a photo or real life

Reference #4.1.R1
ISBN #978-1-927365-42-7
Contents3 pages & 6 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 70.6
Grade Level: 7.2

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2 Activities

A1 Make a Viewfinder Frame
Construct a viewfinder frame for choosing ideal compositions

Reference #4.1.A1
ISBN #978-0-9878229-2-5
Contents2 pages & 2 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 67.6
Grade Level: 7.7

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A2 Compose with a Viewfinder Frame
Use a viewfinder frame to choose a composition from a photograph and create a simple sketch based on what you see through its opening

Reference #4.1.A2
ISBN #978-1-927365-43-4
Contents3 pages & 5 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 61.7
Grade Level: 8.6

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4.2Perspective

The rules and guidelings of the many components of perspective enable artists to create the believable illusion of a third dimension on a flat piece of drawing paper.

6 Resources

R1 Identifying Your Eye Level
An illustrated discussion about the imaginary horizontal line that divides your line of vision

Reference #4.2.R1
ISBN #978-1-927365-32-8
Contents3 pages & 3 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 63.9
Grade Level: 8.6

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R2 Above, Below, and On the Horizon Line
How one-point perspective can create the illusion that viewers are looking upward, downward, or straight ahead at the subjects of drawings

Reference #4.2.R2
ISBN #978-1-927365-37-3
Contents3 pages & 4 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 63.1
Grade Level: 9.6

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R3 Disappearing Into a Vanishing Point
How one-point perspective can create the illusion of objects becoming progressively smaller until they disappear from view

Reference #4.2.R3
ISBN #978-1-927365-38-0
Contents2 pages & 2 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 59.5
Grade Level: 9.5

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R4 Creating Depth with Overlapping
Exploring overlapping as an invaluable tool for creating or enhancing the illusion of a three dimensional reality in artworks

Reference #4.2.R4
ISBN #978-1-927365-40-3
Contents4 pages & 8 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 62.3
Grade Level: 9

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R5 Atmospheric Perspective
Integrating different atmospheric conditions into drawings to visually move subjects back toward distant space

Reference #4.2.R5
ISBN #978-1-927365-39-7
Contents4 pages & 7 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 49.2
Grade Level: 11.5

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R6 Looking into Foreshortening
A discussion surrounding the visual distortions of objects and people when viewed from extreme points of view

Reference #4.2.R6
ISBN #978-1-927365-41-0
Contents3 pages & 4 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 58.3
Grade Level: 9.7

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3 Activities

A1 Draw a Box with One-Point Perspective
Use a horizon line, vanishing point, and perspective lines to transform a two-dimensional rectangle into a three-dimensional box

Reference #4.2.A1
ISBN #978-1-927365-33-5
Contents4 pages & 8 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 61.5
Grade Level: 9.4

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A2 Draw Simple Overlapping Shapes
Outline overlapping shapes and then use your creative mind to give each a unique personality

Reference #4.2.A2
ISBN #978-1-927365-36-6
Contents4 pages & 7 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 77.4
Grade Level: 6.4

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A3 Three Perspectives on Boxes
Use one-point perspective to draw frontal views of nine different boxes located above, on, or below the horizon line

Reference #4.2.A3
ISBN #978-1-927365-44-1
Contents11 pages & 19 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 56.4
Grade Level: 9.9

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Module 5: Diversity in Visual Arts

5.1Drawing on the Masters

Use the styles and techniques of the great masters to render drawings

0 Resources

 

2 Activities

New A1 Add Pressure to Straight Lines
Draw 15 sets of three straight lines by using different grades of pencils and pencil pressure

Reference #5.1.A1
ISBN #978-1-927539-67-5
Contents2 pages & 5 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 75.3
Grade Level: 5.3

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New A2 Render Sets of Curved Lines
Draw a light, medium, and dark set of curved lines with a 2H, HB, 2B, 4B, and 6B pencil in turn

Reference #5.1.A2
ISBN #978-1-927539-66-8
Contents2 pages & 7 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 68.7
Grade Level: 6.8

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5.2Styles and Techniques

2 Resources

R2 Where Realism and Fantasy Meet
Bringing realistic subjects into the realm of fantasy

Reference #5.1.R2
ISBN #978-0-9878229-6-3
Contents4 pages & 9 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 69
Grade Level: 7

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R3 Illustrative and Traditional Realism
Examine drawings to compare the techniques used for rendering two substyles of realism

Reference #5.1.R3
ISBN #978-1-927365-26-7
Contents5 pages & 10 illustrations
Flesch-KincaidReading Ease: 52.6
Grade Level: 10.6

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0 Activities

 

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